Yes—older adults eating vegetarian gained 0.38 kg of arm and leg muscle over 12 weeks while training, but equal gains were not proven. The study included 108 adults around age 66; 58% were women. They were assigned by chance to vegetarian or meat-inclusive diets. The vegetarian diet allowed eggs and dairy, so it was not vegan. Both groups received food guidance and chose their own meals. Everyone did Strength Training three times weekly for 12 weeks. Both groups aimed for at least 1.2 grams of protein per kilogram daily. Average Protein Intake reached 1.24 grams per kilogram in the vegetarian group. The meat-inclusive group reached 1.58 grams per kilogram. Plant foods supplied 76% of protein in the vegetarian group. Animal foods supplied 67% in the other group. Scans showed clear gains in arm and leg muscle in both groups. The vegetarian group gained 0.38 kg, compared with 0.66 kg in the meat-inclusive group. Both groups also improved leg press strength and chair-stand performance. Neither group clearly outperformed the other on those tests. The key limit: these diets were not shown to produce equal muscle gains. The vegetarian group also ate less protein overall. That makes this more than a simple comparison of plant versus animal protein. For the Adequate Protein community, the useful takeaway is to track amounts, not just food sources. Food records and workout progress can add context to your own numbers. Comparing notes with members eating different diets may reveal which meals help them meet their goals. This study reflects 12 weeks of eating and training together, not diet alone. What have your food records and workout results shown when eating more vegetarian meals?